Who is eligible to receive oral medications?

The correct choice identifies a patient who is alert and able to swallow as eligible to receive oral medications. It is essential for individuals taking oral medications to be conscious and capable of swallowing effectively, as this ensures that the medication can be absorbed properly in the gastrointestinal tract. Being alert also means they can understand instructions, express any concerns about the medication, and react appropriately to any side effects or adverse reactions.

In contrast, patients who are lying down may face challenges with swallowing and may be at risk of aspiration, which can lead to complications like choking or pneumonia. Those with swallowing difficulties may not be able to take oral medications safely or effectively, often requiring alternative routes of medication administration. Furthermore, children under 12 years old may have specific requirements regarding medication due to differences in dosage and formulation, and not all medications are appropriate for them. Thus, being alert and able to swallow are critical criteria for safely administering oral medications.