What does the term "side effect" mean in pharmacology?

In pharmacology, the term "side effect" refers to an unintended result of a drug. These effects can occur alongside the primary intended effect of the medication and may vary in severity and impact on the patient. Side effects are typically different from the therapeutic effects—those positive outcomes for which a medication is primarily prescribed.

For example, a medication taken to relieve pain might also cause drowsiness as a side effect. Understanding side effects is crucial for healthcare providers and patients, as it helps ensure that they can manage expectations and address any negative responses to medications appropriately. Recognizing and communicating these unintended effects can guide clinical decisions and enhance patient safety.